Barthes’ Enigma Code Theory

He published a book called ‘S/Z’ in 1970. It focused on analyzing a short story by Balzac. Barthes goes through the story denoting where and how different codes of meaning function. In the book, he argues that every narrative is interwoven with multiple codes:

1. HERMENEUTIC/ENIGMA CODE: This code refers to any element of a text that is not fully explained ; this becomes a mystery to the audience. This is to keep the audience guessing until the mystery is finally revealed in the finale of a text. A mystery makes the audience want to know more, which keeps them watching.
2. PROAIRETIC/ACTION CODE: The Proairetic Code builds tension. Action or events are used to indicate something else is going to happen, meaning the audience attempt to guess what will happen next. The Hermeneutic and Proairetic Codes work together to develop the tension, putting the audience on edge and wanting to watch more.
3. SEMANTIC CODE: This code refers to parts of a text that refer to additional meanings. These elements of semantic codes have a connotative function in the text and add an extra layer of meaning in addition to literal meaning.
4. SYMBOLIC CODE: Similar to the Semantic code, this code creates semantic meanings through symbolism. It uses opposites to portray contrast and create deeper meaning. This creates tension, drama and character development
5. REFERENTIAL CODE: This code refers to anything within a text which refers to an external body of knowledge , e.g. scientific, historical or cultural knowledge.

For my film analysis and film opening, I would focus mainly on enigma code but while searching for enigma codes, I researched what other codes are used.